Impacto emocional durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en menores de hospital de día y en sus padres/cuidadores
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v38n1a3Palabras clave:
Pandemia, ansiedad, estrés, depresión, impacto psicoloógicoResumen
La pandemia por COVID-19 puede incrementar la sintomatología de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en la población. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto emocional en los menores que acuden a Hospital de día y a sus padres/cuidadores. Material y método: se evalúa el impacto emocional en los menores y sus padres/cuidadores tras el confinamiento por el COVID-19. Para ello se utiliza unos cuestionarios autoaplicados (a los padres/cuidadores, el Cuestionario de 90 síntomas (SCL-90-R) y el Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes (SENA) y al menor, el Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes (SENA). Resultados: En los menores, las escalas de aislamiento, ira, depresión, ansiedad, agresión e índice de problemas emocionales son las que, con más frecuencia presentan puntuaciones extremas, según lo evaluado por los padres mediante el SENA. En el SENA autoevaluado por los menores, las puntuaciones extremas son más frecuentes en depresión, sintomatología postraumática e índice de problemas emocionales. En los padres, las escalas sintomáticas de obsesiones-compulsiones, sensibilidad interpersonal, depresión y ansiedad del SCL-90, son las que con más frecuencia tienen percentiles iguales o mayores de 90. Se ha observado mayor nivel de ansiedad y depresión en las madres. Conclusiones: Se ha observado un mayor impacto emocional en las madres debido a presentar mayores niveles de ansiedad y depresión en las mujeres en general y en la pandemia, en particular, y al ser las que más antecedentes de patología psiquiátrica presentan. Los menores han presentado poca repercusión emocional, observando, en la mayoría, una disminución de las situaciones estresantes académicas y sociales.
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