Evaluación del vínculo de apego en la infancia y adolescencia
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v39n2a5Palabras clave:
evaluación, apego, vínculo, estados mentales, entrevistas, cuestionariosResumen
Este artículo presenta los métodos de evaluación del apego gold standard para cada franja de edad, los métodos que permiten obtener importante material clínico, así como los cuestionarios de mejores propiedades psicométricas validados al español y de uso extensivo.
Los métodos se dividen en dos grupos: en primer lugar, aquellos que evalúan el apego en forma categorial, es decir en clases excluyentes entre sí, y en segundo lugar los que lo hacen de forma dimensional como grados de un continuum. El primer grupo incluye los basados en la observación directa, que evalúan los ‘modelos de apego” en función de las conductas de apego del niño pequeño y en función de las respuestas verbales de entrevistas o juegos semiestructurados, que evalúan los estados de la mente respecto del apego. El segundo grupo, dimensional, incluye los cuestionarios, que evalúan los ‘estilos de apego’. Dado su extensivo uso se incluye también un método de evaluación de la interacción diádica.
Se muestra las fortalezas y debilidades de cada método y los desafíos que la evaluación del apego todavía presenta a ciertas edades.
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