Trastornos somatomorfos y síntomas somáticos funcionales en niños y adolescentes

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Publicado

2021-06-30

Cómo citar

Pérez Moreno, M. R. ., Alonso González, I. M., Gómez-Vallejo, S., & Moreno Pardillo, D. M. (2021). Trastornos somatomorfos y síntomas somáticos funcionales en niños y adolescentes. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 38(2), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v38n2a4

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Artículo de revisión

Autores/as

  • M. R. Pérez Moreno Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. Unidad de niños y adolescentes. Hospital Clínico San Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1492-7283
  • I. M. Alonso González Centro de Salud Mental de Argüelles. Fundación Jiménez Díaz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-6963
  • S. Gómez-Vallejo Servicio de Psiquiatría y Psicología infanto-juvenil, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínic
  • D. M. Moreno Pardillo Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Sureste/ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-7698

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v38n2a4

Palabras clave:

Trastorno somatomorfo, síntomas somáticos funcionales, trastorno de somatización, psiquiatría de niños y adolescentes

Resumen

Introducción: La característica principal de un Trastorno somatomorfo es la presentación sintomática sugerente de una enfermedad médica, sin constatar esa enfermedad médica o sin que dicha enfermedad explique completamente el nivel de disfuncionalidad alcanzado. Objetivos: Actualizar los aspectos relacionados con la evaluación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de Trastornos somatomorfos y Síntomas somáticos funcionales en niños y adolescentes. Material y métodos: Se revisan los cambios en la terminología y la categorización de estos trastornos en los manuales de clasificaciones diagnósticas actuales. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 10 años de Trastornos somatomorfos y Síntomas somáticos funcionales en niños y adolescentes. Se hace una reflexión final sobre la influencia de la actual pandemia Covid-19. Conclusiones: Una evaluación biopsicosocial permite un preciso diagnóstico diferencial, inicialmente en el ámbito de Atención Primaria y después, si es preciso, en equipos de Salud Mental ambulatorios o de Psiquiatría infantil de enlace. En el manejo clínico es fundamental una buena alianza terapéutica para conseguir la aceptación por parte del paciente y la familia de la formulación biopsicosocial. Existen evidencias de que el tratamiento rehabilitador y las terapias cognitivo-conductuales individuales y familiares son efectivas en este tipo de trastornos.

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