Las alucinosis entre la neurosis y la psicosis, a propósito de un caso
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Derechos de autor 2025 Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v42n3a4Palabras clave:
psicosis, neurosis, alucinosis, traumaResumen
Introducción: El desarrollo emocional durante la infancia y la adolescencia está determinado por varios factores, constituyendo una etapa crítica en el desarrollo personal y social. En este periodo pueden aparecer alteraciones de la percepción como las alucinosis. Son relativamente frecuentes y transitorias, por lo que su diagnóstico orienta hacia un proceso no psicótico, aunque tradicionalmente se ha vinculado al trastorno mental grave. Descripción del caso clínico: Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón que a los 15 años presenta alucinosis auditivas, sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad elevada y vivencias traumáticas con ingresos en Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil. La sintomatología del paciente ha fluctuado, alcanzando periodos de estabilidad, siendo crucial realizar un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial ya que las alucinosis auditivas pueden estar presentes en cuadros orgánicos, trastornos afectivos, trastornos adaptativos, trastornos de la personalidad, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, trastornos obsesivos-compulsivos (TOC), trastornos disociativos, trastorno de estrés postraumático y trastornos psicóticos como las psicosis de inicio temprano (PIT) o experiencias psicóticas similares (psychotic-like experiences, PLEs). En nuestro caso, el contacto y la evolución no orientan hacia una estructura psicótica franca, sino que existen síntomas afectivos, obsesivos, disociativos o traumáticos y, en ocasiones de carácter psicótico. Discusión y conclusiones: La edad del paciente, su evolución y el tratamiento serán claves para aclarar el posible progreso hacia cronicidad o patología psicótica.
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